本文对Linux常用的网络命令进行整理和总结。
连通性测试
ping命令
最常用的网络诊断命令。
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| [kuring@localhost ~]$ ping www.baidu.com
PING www.a.shifen.com (61.135.169.125) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 61.135.169.125: icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=25.5 ms
64 bytes from 61.135.169.125: icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=20.3 ms
64 bytes from 61.135.169.125: icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=25.0 ms
64 bytes from 61.135.169.125: icmp_seq=4 ttl=128 time=21.7 ms
64 bytes from 61.135.169.125: icmp_seq=5 ttl=128 time=23.4 ms
64 bytes from 61.135.169.125: icmp_seq=6 ttl=128 time=21.9 ms
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通过上述输出可以看出，ping命令可得到DNS对应的IP信息、ping的数据包大小、网络延迟信息。
另外，可以通过-s参数指定ping的数据包大小。例如：
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| kuring@ubuntu:~$ ping www.baidu.com -s 1024
PING www.a.shifen.com (61.135.169.125) 1024(1052) bytes of data.
1032 bytes from 61.135.169.125: icmp_req=1 ttl=55 time=22.6 ms
1032 bytes from 61.135.169.125: icmp_req=2 ttl=55 time=22.9 ms
1032 bytes from 61.135.169.125: icmp_req=3 ttl=55 time=53.0 ms
1032 bytes from 61.135.169.125: icmp_req=4 ttl=55 time=28.0 ms
1032 bytes from 61.135.169.125: icmp_req=5 ttl=55 time=54.7 ms
1032 bytes from 61.135.169.125: icmp_req=6 ttl=55 time=93.1 ms
1032 bytes from 61.135.169.125: icmp_req=7 ttl=55 time=26.9 ms
1032 bytes from 61.135.169.125: icmp_req=8 ttl=55 time=25.2 ms
1032 bytes from 61.135.169.125: icmp_req=9 ttl=55 time=25.4 ms
^C1032 bytes from 61.135.169.125: icmp_req=10 ttl=55 time=21.2 ms
--- www.a.shifen.com ping statistics ---
10 packets transmitted, 10 received, 0% packet loss, time 45436ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 21.225/37.350/93.149/21.966 ms
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会发现ping命令的响应时间变长了，这正是由于ping发送数据包变大了。
traceroute
可以显示路由信息。
mtr
traceroute命令的升级版，可以动态刷新路由信息，可以显示路由上每个节点的丢包率和时间等信息，信息比较全面和直观。
arp相关
arping
可以通过该命令查看IP地址对应的mac地址。arping IP地址会立即发送一个arp广播，可以根据收到的arp回应的多少看局域网内是否中arp病毒、IP地址冲突等情况。
arp
跟arp协议相关，可以设置arp表、读取arp表等。
端口相关
telnet
可以利用该命令来测试某个端口是否打开。例如执行telnet localhost 881其中881为本机的未打开端口，会产生如下输出：
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| Trying 127.0.0.1...
telnet: connect to address 127.0.0.1: Connection refused
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执行telnet localhost 22，其中22端口为本机的ssh服务端口且已经打开，会产生如下输出：
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| Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to localhost.
Escape character is '^]'.
SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.3
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则表示本机的22端口已经打开。
netstat
查看本机网络端口命令，常用netstat -aunp。
#DNS相关
host
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| kuring@ubuntu:~$ host www.google.com.hk
www.google.com.hk is an alias for www-wide.l.google.com.
www-wide.l.google.com has address 74.125.128.199
www-wide.l.google.com has IPv6 address 2404:6800:4005:c00::c7
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nslookup
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| kuring@ubuntu:~$ nslookup www.google.com.hk
Server: 127.0.0.1
Address: 127.0.0.1#53
Non-authoritative answer:
www.google.com.hk canonical name = www-wide.l.google.com.
Name: www-wide.l.google.com
Address: 74.125.128.199
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dig
可以代替nslookup的命令，显示的域名信息更为详细。
其他
ab
Linux下的压力测试工具，可以模拟多个客户端发送多个请求。
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| kuring@ubuntu:~$ ab -c 100 -n 100 https://kuring.github.io/
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 655654 $>
Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/
Benchmarking kuring.github.io (be patient).....done
Server Software: Tengine/2.0.0
Server Hostname: kuring.github.io
Server Port: 80
Document Path: /
Document Length: 707 bytes
Concurrency Level: 100
Time taken for tests: 1.547 seconds
Complete requests: 100
Failed requests: 10
(Connect: 0, Receive: 0, Length: 10, Exceptions: 0)
Write errors: 0
Non-2xx responses: 90
Total transferred: 145330 bytes
HTML transferred: 126570 bytes
Requests per second: 64.64 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request: 1546.990 [ms] (mean)
Time per request: 15.470 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate: 91.74 [Kbytes/sec] received
Connection Times (ms)
min mean[+/-sd] median max
Connect: 173 223 43.8 200 289
Processing: 167 340 301.5 236 1368
Waiting: 166 339 300.5 235 1364
Total: 345 563 295.4 438 1546
Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
50% 438
66% 555
75% 562
80% 597
90% 1108
95% 1474
98% 1484
99% 1546
100% 1546 (longest request)
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参考