今天发现vagrant的其中一个虚拟机磁盘空间不够了，需要对其进行磁盘扩容，但不期望是通过增加新硬盘的方式，而是直接增加原磁盘容量的方式来无缝扩容。
修改磁盘文件
进入到vm磁盘文件所在的目录~/VirtualBox VMs/dev_default_1531796361866_92956下
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| % vboxmanage showhdinfo centos-vm-disk1.vmdk
UUID: acbb4ffc-0580-40d6-8627-3ed24cd0beff
Parent UUID: base
State: created
Type: normal (base)
Location: /Users/lvkai/VirtualBox VMs/dev_default_1531796361866_92956/centos-vm-disk1.vmdk
Storage format: VMDK
Format variant: dynamic default
Capacity: 10000 MBytes
Size on disk: 9634 MBytes
Encryption: disabled
In use by VMs: dev_default_1531796361866_92956 (UUID: a153957c-e43f-4dd2-8512-f51d42dee3d3)
# 将之前存储的vmdk格式的文件复制一份vdi格式的文件，由于需要复制文件，该命令需要执行一段时间
% vboxmanage clonehd centos-vm-disk1.vmdk new-centos-vm-disk1.vdi --format vdi
# 将vdi格式的文件修改磁盘空间上限大小为80g，但实际占用磁盘空间仍然为之前的大小
% vboxmanage modifyhd new-centos-vm-disk1.vdi --resize 81920
# 将vdi格式的文件重新转换为vmdk格式，会产生一个新的uuid
% vboxmanage clonehd new-centos-vm-disk1.vdi resized.vmdk --format vmdk
0%...10%...20%...30%...40%...50%...60%...70%...80%...90%...100%
Clone medium created in format 'vmdk'. UUID: 7e454b50-0681-494b-b9ca-81700d217c0a
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新的硬盘创建完成后，在virtualbox的界面上将对应虚拟机的硬盘更换为resized.vmdk，并将之前旧的centos-vm-disk1.vmdk给删除掉。
使用fdisk创建新的磁盘分区
以上命令执行完成后，开启虚拟机，进入系统，可以看到磁盘空间大小变更为85.9GB，但挂载的磁盘空间大小仍然为8.3G，新增加的磁盘空间仍然处于未分配状态。
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| # fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 85.9 GB, 85899345920 bytes, 167772160 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0000ca5e
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 1026047 512000 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 1026048 20479999 9726976 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 8866 MB, 8866758656 bytes, 17317888 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 1048 MB, 1048576000 bytes, 2048000 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 8.3G 7.9G 386M 96% /
devtmpfs 296M 0 296M 0% /dev
tmpfs 307M 0 307M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 307M 4.5M 303M 2% /run
tmpfs 307M 0 307M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 497M 195M 303M 40% /boot
vagrant 466G 390G 77G 84% /vagrant
vagrant_data 466G 390G 77G 84% /vagrant_data
tmpfs 62M 0 62M 0% /run/user/1000
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接下来需要将未分配的磁盘空间
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| # fdisk /dev/sda
# 依次输入可创建新的分区
n
p
回车
回车
# 继续输入p，可以看到磁盘的情况，多出了/dev/sda3
# /dev/sda3的System为Linux，而/dev/sda2的System为Linux LVM
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 85.9 GB, 85899345920 bytes, 167772160 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0000ca5e
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 1026047 512000 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 1026048 20479999 9726976 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 20480000 167772159 73646080 83 Linux
# 依次输入将/dev/sda3更改为LVM格式
t
3
8e
p
Disk /dev/sda: 85.9 GB, 85899345920 bytes, 167772160 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0000ca5e
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 1026047 512000 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 1026048 20479999 9726976 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 20480000 167772159 73646080 8e Linux LVM
# 输入w后进行保存操作
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
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将新创建的磁盘分区添加到LVM分区中
将机器重启后，继续执行如下命令
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| # vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name centos
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 3
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size 9.27 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 2374
Alloc PE / Size 2364 / 9.23 GiB
Free PE / Size 10 / 40.00 MiB
VG UUID cpEmYK-XFew-6ZWT-GEeY-yEou-0vLq-OJiD08
# lvscan
ACTIVE '/dev/centos/swap' [1000.00 MiB] inherit
ACTIVE '/dev/centos/root' [<8.26 GiB] inherit
# pvcreate /dev/sda3
Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created.
# vgextend centos /dev/sda3
Volume group "centos" successfully extended
# lvextend /dev/centos/root /dev/sda3
Size of logical volume centos/root changed from <8.26 GiB (2114 extents) to <78.49 GiB (20093 extents).
Logical volume centos/root successfully resized.
# xfs_growfs /dev/centos/root
meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=256 agcount=4, agsize=541184 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=0 finobt=0 spinodes=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=2164736, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=0
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 2164736 to 20575232
# 最后执行命令可以看到磁盘空间已经增加
# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 79G 7.9G 71G 11% /
devtmpfs 296M 0 296M 0% /dev
tmpfs 307M 0 307M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 307M 4.5M 303M 2% /run
tmpfs 307M 0 307M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 497M 195M 303M 40% /boot
vagrant 466G 390G 77G 84% /vagrant
vagrant_data 466G 390G 77G 84% /vagrant_data
tmpfs 62M 0 62M 0% /run/user/1000
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